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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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japanred
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Japanese Red Army (JRA)
aka: Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB)
Description
An international terrorist group formed around 1970 after breaking away from
japanese communist League Red Army Faction. Now led by Fusako Shigenobu,
believed to be in Syrian-garrisoned area of Lebanon's Bekaa Valley. Stated
goals are to overthrow Japanese Government and monarchy and to help foment
world revolution. Organization unclear but may control or at least have
ties to Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB); may also have links
to Antiwar Democratic Front--an overt leftist political organization--inside
Japan. Details released following November 1987 arrest of leader Osamu
Maruoka indicate that JRA may be organizing cells in Asian cities, such as
Manila and Singapore. Has had close and longstanding relations with
Palestinian terrorist groups--based and operating outside Japan--since its
inception.
Activities
Before 1977, JRA carried out a series of brutal attacks over a wide
geographical area, including the massacre of passengers at Lod airport in
Israel (1972) and two Japanese airliner hijackings (1973 and 1977). Anti-US
attacks include attempted takeover of US Embassy in Kuala Lumpur (1975).
Since mid-1960s has carried out several crude rocket and mortar attacks
against a number of US embassies. In April 1988, JRA operative Yu Kikumura
was arrested with explosives on the New Jersey Turnpike, apparently planning
an attack to coincide with the bombing of a USO club in Naples, a suspected
JRA operation that killed five, including a us servicewoman. He was
convicted of these charges and is serving a lengthy prison sentence in the
United States.
Strength
About 30 hardcore members; undetermined number of sympathizers.
Location/Area of Operation
Based in Syrian-controlled areas of Lebanon; often transits Damascus.
External Aid
Receives aid, including training and base camp facilities, from radical
Palestinian terrorists, especially the PFLP. May also receive aid from
Libya. Suspected of having sympathizers and support apparatus in Japan.
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SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
MAY, 1972:
CARRIED OUT A MACHINEGUN AND GRENADE ATTACK AT LOD AIRPORT. THREE
JRA MEMBERS KILLED 26 PEOPLE, INCLUDING 16 PUERTO RICAN PILGRIMS TO
THE HOLY LAND.
JANUARY - FEBRUARY, 1974:
ATTACKED SHELL OIL REFINERY STORAGE TANKS IN SINGAPORE AND SEIZED
A FERRYBOAT CREW AND HOSTAGES, ALL OF WHICH WERE RELEASED UNHARMED.
SEPTEMBER, 1984:
SEIZED 11 HOSTAGES AT THE FRENCH EMBASSY IN THE HAGUE. THE
TERRORISTS DEMANDED, AND WERE PROVIDED, AN AIRLINER FOR TRANSPORT
TO SYRIA. TWO DUTCH POLICE OFFICERS WERE WOUNDED IN THE COURSE OF
THE INCIDENT.
AUGUST, 1975:
TEN MEMBERS OF THE JAPANESE RED ARMY TOOK OVER THE U.S. CONSULATE
IN KUALA LUMPUR, AND SEIZED 52 HOSTAGES, INCLUDING THE CONSUL
GENERAL AND THE SWEDISH CHARGE. THE TERRORISTS THREATENED TO BLOW
UP THE BUILDING AND KILL THE HOSTAGES UNLESS SEVEN JRA PRISONERS IN
JAPAN WERE RELEASED AND PROVIDED SAFE PASSAGE TO THE MIDDLE EAST.
ALTHOUGH THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN WAS WILLING TO RELEASE THE
PRISONERS, ONLY FIVE WERE WILLING TO GO; THEY WERE FLOWN TO
TRIPOLI, LIBYA, BY WAY OF KUALA LUMPUR.
SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER, 1977:
HIJACKED A JAPAN AIRLINES PLANE IN BOMBAY AND FORCED IT TO LAND IN
DHAKA, BANGLADESH. THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN AGREED TO RELEASE NINE
IMPRISONED TERRORISTS AND TO PAY $6 MILLION IN EXCHANGE FOR THE
RELEASE OF THE 159 HOSTAGES ABOARD THE PLANE. AFTER PAYMENT OF THE
RANSOM AND THE RELEASE OF SIX JRA PRISONERS, THE HIJACKERS WERE
FLOWN TO ALGERIA.
MAY, 1986:
JRA MEMBER YU KIKUMURA, 33, WAS ARRESTED FOR HAVING A BOMB IN HIS
LUGGAGE AT THE SCHIPHOL AIRPORT IN AMSTERDAM. HE WAS LATER
DEPORTED TO JAPAN. HE HAD BEEN A MEMBER OF THE "BLACK HELMET"
(KURO HERO) RADICAL ORGANIZATION IN JAPAN BEFORE THAT GROUP JOINED
FORCES WITH THE THE JRA IN THE SUMMER OF 1971.
JUNE, 1986:
INDONESIAN POLICE RELEASED PHOTOGRAPHS OF TSUTOMU SHIROSAKI, 38, A
JRA MEMBER WHOSE FINGERPRINTS WERE FOUND IN A HOTEL ROOM FROM WHICH
CRUDE MORTARS WERE FIRED AT THE JAPANESE AND U.S. EMBASSY
BUILDINGS IN JAKARTA. SHIROSAKI WAS ALSO WANTED FOR A CAR BOMBING
OUTSIDE THE CANADIAN EMBASSY IN JAKARTA IN MAY, 1986. THE
ANTI-IMPERIALIST INTERNATIONAL BRIGADE (AIIB) CLAIMED
RESPONSIBILITY.
JUNE, 1987:
FIRED TWO ROCKETS AT THE BRITISH EMBASSY IN ROME. ABOUT THIRTY
MINUTES LATER, JRA DETONATED A CAR BOMB ACROSS THE STREET FROM THE
U.S. EMBASSY; AND WITHIN MINUTES LAUNCHED TWO HOME-MADE ROCKETS AT
THE FRONT OF THE U.S. EMBASSY COMPOUND FROM A HOTEL BALCONY.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
OSAMU MARUOKA, A HIGH-RANKING JRA MEMBER, WAS ARRESTED IN TOKYO.
EVIDENCE INDICATED THAT HE MAY HAVE BEEN ATTEMPTING TO ESTABLISH A
BROADER BASE OF OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT IN EAST ASIA, POSSIBLY UNDER
THE NAME OF THE "ANTIWAR DEMOCRATIC FRONT (ADF)."
APRIL, 1988:
JRA MEMBER YU KIKUMURA WAS ARRESTED IN NEW JERSEY WITH THREE BOMBS
IN HIS POSSESSION. IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE PLANNED TO BOMB A TARGET
IN THE NEW YORK AREA TO COINCIDE WITH THE JRA BOMBING IN NAPLES
(SEE NEXT INCIDENT ENTRY).
APRIL, 1988:
A BOMB DETONATED IN FRONT OF THE U.S. SERVICEMEN'S CLUB IN NAPLES,
ITALY, KILLING FIVE PERSONS, INCLUDING A U.S. SERVICEWOMAN. TWO
JRA MEMBERS ARE THE MAIN SUSPECTS IN THE BOMBING, WHICH COINCIDED
WITH THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE U.S. BOMBING RAID ON LIBYA IN 1986.
JULY, 1988:
ATTEMPTED TWO ROCKET ATTACKS, WITH MAKESHIFT LAUNCHERS, AGAINST THE
U.S. EMBASSY IN MADRID, SPAIN. AIIB CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
NOTE: THE JRA HAS NOT CLAIMED ANY OF THESE MOST RECENT ATTACKS BUT IS
SUSPECTED OF ACTING IN THE NAME OF THE ANTI-IMPERIALIALIST INTERNATIONAL
BRIGADE (AIIB). THE AIIB HAS CARRIED OUT ROCKET ATTACKS ON THE U.S.
EMBASSIES IN JAKARATA IN 1986 AND MADRID IN 1988, AS WELL AS A COORDINATED
BOMB AND ROCKET ATTACK ON THE U.S. EMBASSY IN ROME IN JUNE 1987.
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INFORMATION DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE
DOCUMENTS.